ubkah RFID maknay ux-waado waayirles teknolooji luk

Tama siirat waayirles inkih siirat inkih tan chip ceenale bandi altra-fayya le qagaaqagih tabaatabsa kinni. Raadiyok qagaaqagitak baxsa sih rakiiboh radmooma kee harxiweer xizaayinih mabloolih xisa, kee barnaamijih xizaayinih designih lowsis (flow chart) elle geyan. Baadal taysabbi qagaaqagih mamaxxagah baxsitte margaqa merraytut rammale caylih mantafaqqak, duddale mamaxxagaa kee abbinos. Fokkaaqoh xalitte elle tascassennal, ta siirat 300m fanah yan gitih caalatal (busy road conditions) addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat sissin gititteh addat gittih addi sisin gitteh asissin gittih addi sisin gittih sisin gittih sisin gittih sisin gittih sisin gittih addi sisin gittih addi sisin gittih addi sissin gittih addi sisin addi gittih sisin gittih sisin addi.

interneet duyye yaanam nummah addah gaaboyna faxe lowsiisimtam faxxa, ceelo dubuk qarramtu kee mansoofa, axcih qarram kalahtu, raadiyok qagaaqagitak mamaxxaga (RFID) teknolooji, baad afkanih maknayitte, infirarees qarramtu, laser ixxo, gaas tansoofa qarramtu uwwaytitte hinnay hinnay ittat axawah haanam kee ittat axawah haanam xayyoosan axcih xongolo, ifu, eletriik, bayolooji, arac, w.w.w., gaaboysak, interneet luk abak network xisaanam. Hadaf kak, duyye kee duyye, duyye kee ummatta, kee inkih tan duyyeyaa kee retteemah fanat yan, tohih aba, seesa, tokoni kee iko akah yakkennah toha. Ta Cugayso Maftacak tan Caagiidal Oyti Gaaboynaay, Tabaatabsa kee Assabalta Merrayti Internetih Addah, Kee Qusba Hori Merrayti Raadiyoh Qagaaqagitak Baxsi Siirat Xizaayin Ux Raadiyoh Qagaaqagitak Angaarawih Teknolojil Rakitak. maknay kak yanim ux-baxxoh waayirles inkih borxih exxa ( borxi exxa, OBU) kee rakiiboh guddaaqah maknay ( rakiibô fanteenah maknay, BSS) ximmok-mango ximmo waayirles mama araxxagah maknay ( akat sinni mamaxxagah addasele), tohildaaqo rakibohi Merrayti mamaxxagaa kee kasle miracsenta.

1. maknay harxiweer goolisso

maknay harxiweer mangom kak yanim lowsis, baadal taysabbi qagaaqagi lowsis kee iroh fidnaaneh assabalta lowsis. MCU ikoh lowsis tan lowsis lowsis, inki-chip lowsis lowsis lowsis lowsis lowsis lowsis. toh cayla fan fotovoltaayik miilitte kee fayle agleh ux-range waayirles mamaxxaga baadal taysabbi qagaaqagih terminal (OBU). Tama terminal caddo le, baa gubat yan, fidin baa baruh yan, kee fakut yan protokol kee istandard interface xissimteeh, baa baruh yan kee gersi luk docking akah yakkennah abak abe.

1.1 maroh goolissoh addah siisa

Lowsis exxa MSP430 TI lihh tan, toh kaadu hilih tan lowsis tan. tama caagid tamah16-bit ultra-low-power mix-signal processor (Mired Signal Processor) TI 1996 addat tan qadaagal caagidih addat tan. Assabalta mango analog maroytit, dijital maroytit kee maykoroporoseser inki chip edde ossimta "monolitik" fidga. WIS maknayal, OBU kee BSS exxa radmooma inkitto, tohih abi nanu OBUh margaqah hangi nacee.

gommodmali kaylih satqo msp430f2274 1.8~3.6v. 1mHz saaqat addah addah wak, chip 200~400μA gexsit yan, saaqat lowsis gubat yan 0.1μA dubuk yan. Siirat gexsit fakkiimah module abeh abeh abe, abeh abe way, gexsit kee hibernation edde abem, tamah caylih abeh abe yakke.

maknay namma saaqat maknay yantifiqeh; rakiiboh saaqatih maknay kee Dijital kobor ossillator (DCO) saaqat maknay, iroh yan kiristaal ossillator (32 768Hz) edde yantifiqe. Power-on reset abteek, DCOCLK naharak MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) taamaak, porograam addal geytimta. softi weer lakal ellecabo maknayih saaqat qagaaqagitak madq baxsah tan maysaqarra lowsiisih baxsa massoosaanam duudumtah. Kiristaal oscillator MCU saaqat MCLK akah akahnnah abak, DCO isih elle geytimam taamaele; taddiira wonnah kude kaa tekke, wagitah yan kuti qemmis milaagi xoqoysianu aseele. Tama margaqa ellem ellem on-chip periferal mojuul wagitto (WDT), analog qeedaalisso A, A (Wakti_A), B (Wakti_B), USART, harxiweer iko, 10-bit/12-bit ADC, SPI baasa, w.w.

1.2 RF maroyta

Baadal taysaabbi qagaaqagitak TI's CC1020 baadal taysabbi qagaaqagitak lowsiisih exxa. ta laqlaq inxastarih baxsa numma-laqlaq ceenale banxih fayle qagaaqagih tatrusso. FSK/GFSK/MEQEH. rammale gitih baxxo 50 kHz, toh kibtam faxa gitih fayxi digga le raqtam ceena le banxih assabaltooti (402~470mHz kee 804~94OmHz qagaaqagitak banxitte), mango kinni qagaaqagitak banxitte currik tan de mango fan korej duudum2 kusatah, kee. waayirles oytih tabaatabsa akkek gommodmaliyyô baxsitteh xoqoyso. chip EN300 220.ARIB STD-T67 kee FCC CFR47 exxak 15 caddo le.

quuki qagaaqagih meexak 430mHz addat qagaaqagih dokonu. Tama qagaaqagitak bandi ISM bandii kee Agat waayirles gexh makaadoh caddot caddo. Qagaaqagi ximmo wagsiisam mafaxxinta. FSK mojuleeshin cogdat duqaysimak, toh fayle sad-gabah culsa duddaa kee salac le loon aylalokkih caddo. toh fan qellat massos channel koding teknoloojih maysaasah oyti dudda yaysiisoonuh bakaq gaba agle kee random gaba agle. fayya hoxah caddo 10-2 malqooy, abinal caddo 10-5 ilaa 10-6 fan fayya iyyam inki caddo gufam xiqah. Oyti tatrussoh addat 800m yakke gitih mabul aracal, baud caddo 2A Kbs, kee kaxxa suuquntih figgaan anteena (2m, gain 7.8 dB, 2m dubuk yan) guftam arac. madab rikkisso ta RF laqlaqin ceenale fanteenah teknoloojih xoqoyso, inkih xakak kee gaba agle sadih maysaasa. Baadal taysabbi qagaaqagih exxak eskemaatiik muuci qarwalik 3 yambulle.

1.3 maknay kaylih mekla

Siirat ellem ellem, fotovoltaik seelitte ayrok ayro cayli tiyaanam kee litiyem garab baatarih wadirih baatarih warasan. cayli kobxissoh baatari kibne ayro caylih gitaak meqe ifih iteal, diggowteh mango ifih kulli ayro rakiiboh ayro kibtam oc OBU, ay kaxxa ayfaf mano yayxeereenim wadirih baatari, kee inkil hined kemacht mano yayxeerem OBU. toh merraytitte bicta mango dur irol editam kee dud le ayro diifu gaaboy fotovoltaayik seelitte baxsa siwil.

1.4 maknay dadalih qunxaaneyta

maknay dadalih fayxi ciggiltam kaani:

1) IAR edde anuk addat korsi cibtaSP430 kobxiseyna;

2) pads pcb margaqah fidgaagi 2007 Bisi maroh luucih margaqah Silaaca.

2. Seerat porograamisso

taddiira oggolteh moojular goolisso kee C afat tunkuttube. toh4 mangom xissimte: lafa le porograamih moojuul, mangom porograamih moojuul, dariifâ maroytih gexsitih moojuul, garuq kee kobxissoh moojuul. Lafa le barnaamijih addat, lowsis qimmo, inkile parameterite, kulli peripheral moojuul, qimmo kee qimmo, w.w.; porograamah moojuul RF chip kee 433mHz tabaatabsi mangomih lowsis abak abak; mangom mangom gexsitih moojuul gabat le irô LED ascossa kee gommodmali caylih maknayal. Fokkaaqo, xongoloh parora fakeenit xukkoo kee gersiteh gabat tan; garuq kee kobxissoh moojuul mangom gabat maknay garuq kee tasjiil kobxisso. Leynâ taddiirah cayxi qarwalik 4 yambulle.

3 RF gexsiti

OBU kee BSS fanat yan milaagu maaqattal kurrumta: wakti xisne, oyti milaagu kee cabaanam, 5hayto muucil elle tan innal.

ubkah RFID maknay ux-raado waayirles teknolooji luk

1hayto maaqatta: xisa. OBUh ara kee tet ID kooxih koobaahissoh o MCU kobor mafdaga filaash addal naharal elle daffeyteh tan paarameterittel geytamah, mangoh geytam. BSS (Rakiiboh Fanteenah maknay) culma saykiliik tatru kee afkanitte ruubaanam lakaliibô guddaaqah mamaxxagah rakisso kobor) oyta OBU fan, rakisso rikkissoh oyta kee oyti xanamakbiseenit.lowsiisih oyta madqisaanam, kee xi OBU ara arac essereek numma diggossam kee OBU fan rub, akke waytek toh mataca;

caddo: oyti milaagu. Tama margaqa OBU arac cultem kee waytam elle tan raadiyoh qagaaqagitak asta elle tan elle tan. mango yan astah maqar fay iyya wakr 1/2 fayle astak, ruubaanam kee hargaanam missoynaani waayirles gaba macuy abbinossa. ta uddur, OBU edde yanim ayfaf arac cultem. anda. ta addat, inkih tan solsol quuka OBU's cankah tanih tansa kee aylalokki ikoh Ikoyta. OBU kokmih daga obsal, atu mamaxxaga duqaysimak toh inki maknay kinnim gita dacrisa cedaam. OBUs lih mamaxxagah lafiami kaxxam siirat akke sinni duugumele tasjiil. OBU arac gabbaaqu akaha arac qagaaqagitak hooping makaanizim aban akaha arac, randomly arac fixed channel dooraanam, gabah agle akah yakkenah arac.

caddo: caddo caba. fokkaaqoh astah maqarle maqarak 1/2 gaba yan dayli, kokkobe guddaaqak tewqem gacsa. RSU kee OBU inkih tan assabaltooti gaba kalteek lakal, inkih tansa baysaanam kee inkih tan amri toh. kabeh gexxuk geytimam assabalta ayfaafih obiyyah ob.

4. OBU kee BSS fanat yan gexsitih dadal

Angaraw portokol baxsa le portokol xisne xisak, 7 adda portokol modelitte elle tan innal, baxsa le portokol, axcih xagar dig, oyti linki kee assabalta.

1) angagoyyi raawoowi angagoyyi mangom mangom astah caddo. Awayih baadal 433mHz ux-uddurut waayirles inkih inkih tan iko akah yakkennah, pale iko akah yakkennah xagar layer kaadu kaaduk, 1haytô qarwalil tablen.Tablo 6 addal Manchester enkoding method.

2) Oyti hilih caddol Oytiih caddol OBU kee BSS fanat oyti milaagih milaagu, oyti hilih xisne kee cato, oyti hilih xisne kee cato, oyti telih xisne, oyti telih xissimtam, oyti kubeh kubeih ikoh lowsis, hoxah doolatih iko, kee oyti ikoh ikoh ikoh iko. Yasgaarawi raawoowih kobor kee paarameter milaagi yasgaarawih milaagitte. oyti tabaatabsi xayyooweh oyti tukkusah tabaatabsa, qarwalik 7 elle yanbulle innal.

3) Application layer Application layer standard user function porograam bicsaanam, baxsale assabalta fanat yan farmooma elle geytimam, gersi kaadu applicationitte fanat yan farmooma elle geytimam.

5 amoqayxi

Tamah addal raadiyoh qagaaqagitak elleh tan innal TI's lowsis gubat yan lowsis MSP430 maykorokontroler, lowsis gubat yan lowsis gubat haak baatarih lowsis gubat haak lowsis gubat haak. baadal taysabbi qagaaqagih laqlaqu kalah TI's CC1020. is filih agle le, inkih giffo aracat haytam haytam, dago caylih adoobi, kee kib baxsah. toh bica merrayti sooloh addat barit tan lowsis kee kattat maknayitte. Fokkaaqoh xalitte elle tascassennal, gititteh inkih tan (busy roads) 300m inkih yan, line-of-sight keeal, 500m inkih yan, inkih tan gititteh adda.